Scientist: U.S. corn subsidies drive deforestation in the Amazon
The Brazilian government and environmentalists alike hailed a recent, historic decline in deforestation rates in Brazil. Since 2004, the deforestation rate has fallen by more than 60 percent, despite high commodity prices and a major growth in biofuel production in the country (previous post). The trend continued in the first half of 2007, with a 31 percent drop (graph, click to enlarge).
Meanwhile, the public at large learned that sugarcane used for Brazil's ethanol is not grown in the rainforest, but a thousand miles south of the Amazon. All of this is good news. But the Smithsonian Tropical Institute's staff scientist William Laurance now thinks Amazon deforestation and fires could be reappearing as a result of lavish US farm subsidies.
According to Laurance, whose findings were reported in a letter to Science, a recent spike in Amazonian fires is being promoted by massive US subsidies that promote American corn production for first generation ethanol. This inefficient ethanol is being blended with gasoline as an automobile fuel. American taxpayers are spending $11 billion a year to subsidize corn producers — and this is having some surprising global consequences, he writes. (More on US biofuels subsidies here).
The US is the world's leading producer of soy, but many American soy farmers are shifting to corn to qualify for the government subsidies. Since 2006, US corn production rose 19% while soy farming fell by 15%.
The drop-off in US soy has helped to drive a major increase in global soy prices, which have nearly doubled in the last 14 months. In Brazil, the world's second-largest soy producer, high soy prices are having a serious impact on the Amazon rainforest and tropical savannas.
energy :: sustainability :: biomass :: bioenergy :: biofuels :: ethanol :: biodiesel :: corn :: soya :: commodities :: subsidies :: deforestation :: U.S. :: Brazil ::
Finally, wealthy soy farmers are lobbying for major new Amazon highways to transport their soybeans to market, and this is increasing access to forests for loggers and land speculators.
Laurance emphasized that he was not the first person to suggest that US corn subsidies could indirectly harm the Amazon. "But now we're seeing that these predictions - first made last summer - are being borne out. The evidence of a corn connection to the Amazon is circumstantial, but it's about as close as you ever get to a smoking gun."
Graph: Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon, 1988-2007. Credit: Mongabay.
References:
William Laurance, "Switch to Corn Promotes Amazon Deforestation", Science, 14 December 2007: 1721b, DOI: 10.1126/science.318.5857.1721b
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute: Corn... fuel... fire! U.S. corn subsidies promote Amazon de forestation, December 17, 2007.
Biopact: Subsidies for uncompetitive U.S. biofuels cost taxpayers billions - report - October 26, 2006
Biopact: Deforestation rate in Amazon decreased by 25% between 2005 and 2006 - August 13, 2007
Mongabay: Amazon deforestation in Brazil falls 31% for 2007 - August 13, 2007.
Meanwhile, the public at large learned that sugarcane used for Brazil's ethanol is not grown in the rainforest, but a thousand miles south of the Amazon. All of this is good news. But the Smithsonian Tropical Institute's staff scientist William Laurance now thinks Amazon deforestation and fires could be reappearing as a result of lavish US farm subsidies.
According to Laurance, whose findings were reported in a letter to Science, a recent spike in Amazonian fires is being promoted by massive US subsidies that promote American corn production for first generation ethanol. This inefficient ethanol is being blended with gasoline as an automobile fuel. American taxpayers are spending $11 billion a year to subsidize corn producers — and this is having some surprising global consequences, he writes. (More on US biofuels subsidies here).
The US is the world's leading producer of soy, but many American soy farmers are shifting to corn to qualify for the government subsidies. Since 2006, US corn production rose 19% while soy farming fell by 15%.
The drop-off in US soy has helped to drive a major increase in global soy prices, which have nearly doubled in the last 14 months. In Brazil, the world's second-largest soy producer, high soy prices are having a serious impact on the Amazon rainforest and tropical savannas.
Amazon fires and forest destruction have spiked over the last several months, especially in the main soy-producing states in Brazil. Just about everyone there attributes this to rising soy and beef prices. - William Laurance, Smithsonian Tropical Institute staff scientistHigh soy prices affect the Amazon in several ways. Some forests are cleared for soy farms. Farmers also buy and convert many cattle ranches into soy farms, effectively pushing the ranchers further into the Amazonian frontier:
energy :: sustainability :: biomass :: bioenergy :: biofuels :: ethanol :: biodiesel :: corn :: soya :: commodities :: subsidies :: deforestation :: U.S. :: Brazil ::
Finally, wealthy soy farmers are lobbying for major new Amazon highways to transport their soybeans to market, and this is increasing access to forests for loggers and land speculators.
Laurance emphasized that he was not the first person to suggest that US corn subsidies could indirectly harm the Amazon. "But now we're seeing that these predictions - first made last summer - are being borne out. The evidence of a corn connection to the Amazon is circumstantial, but it's about as close as you ever get to a smoking gun."
Graph: Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon, 1988-2007. Credit: Mongabay.
References:
William Laurance, "Switch to Corn Promotes Amazon Deforestation", Science, 14 December 2007: 1721b, DOI: 10.1126/science.318.5857.1721b
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute: Corn... fuel... fire! U.S. corn subsidies promote Amazon de forestation, December 17, 2007.
Biopact: Subsidies for uncompetitive U.S. biofuels cost taxpayers billions - report - October 26, 2006
Biopact: Deforestation rate in Amazon decreased by 25% between 2005 and 2006 - August 13, 2007
Mongabay: Amazon deforestation in Brazil falls 31% for 2007 - August 13, 2007.
5 Comments:
Is there anything the Latins do that isn't the U.S.'s fault?
Sheesh
Rufus, don't take it personally. This is just 'the global market' at work, and you have to admit subsidies in the US and the EU are having global impacts.
I think the idea need to be looked more seriously.
De US Subsides, are a "political weapon" in certanly way. The US gov, try to help the internal market, go outside the conuntry and try to control de VEGTABLE OIL market, if we are visionaries, the potencialities for countries like Mexico (im in mexico) to only limit to extrac and sell feed stock, and after that in the BioREFINERIES in USA they procesed and turn back with HIGH prices just because They have the refineri.. DO youSOUND FAMILIARY this little history.
Come on RUFUS, like in mexico Say's
Para que slatas el piso estando tan parejo.
Pd.- Te puedo dar una lista de consejos para ininciar tu propio negocio de biocombustibles y hacer cosas buenas por nuestro pais. Un saludo carnal.
I would be more inclined to take this guy seriously (well, okay, I really wouldn't) if he had the most simple facts straight.
The U.S. hasn't subsidized corn production for about two years, now. I guess you can make the argument that by subsidizing ethanol (Brazilian, as well as U.S.) the United States is indirectly subsidizing corn farmers; But
Why not just blame the Guy With the Matches?
e2 energy - Growing Energy Podcast
The podcast examines the delicate balance between food production and biofuel production in both Brazil and the United States. e2 is an ongoing documentary series on PBS.
http://www.greenenergytv.com/Browse/Fuels.aspx#1278834018
I put some other fact, to explain the idea of balance markets.
Ryepez.Tiburon3.Mexico
rambiocom.wordpress.com
RAM Biocombustibles S.A. de C.V
Post a Comment
Links to this post:
Create a Link
<< Home