Japan's Ajinomoto switches from oil to rice hull biomass - cuts 100,000 tons of carbon emissions
By the end of 2008, Japan's Ajinomoto Co., a global food processor, will switch from oil to rice hulls for most of the fuel consumed at one of its key seasonings plants in northern Thailand. The biomass resource is abundantly present in the region, but has no market value. Farmers and rice processors often simply burn the hulls as waste, which releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Ajinomoto now wants to utilize the biomass in an efficient combustion system to power a large food plant and so cut back its own emissions. It will apply for the project to be registered at the UN's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).
The food plant in Thailand ferments sugars and starches extracted from sugar cane and cassava to produce seasonings and will generate steam for this fermentation process in dedicated boilers that use rice hulls for fuel. Rice hulls will be purchased from farmers in the surrounding area, where large quantities of the hulls go unused. This will mark the first time Ajinomoto has used biomass fuel at an overseas production site.
As the biomass fuel adds no carbon dioxide emissions the atmosphere because the CO2 released during the combustion process is absorbed by plants as they grow, Ajinomoto's carbon footprint will improve considerably by utilizing this 'carbon neutral' form of energy. The switch to rice hulls will reduce annual CO2 emissions by around 100,000 tons, or nearly 5 per cent of the global group's annual total.
There has been growing interest in the utilization of rice hulls as a biomass fuel. The resource is abundant in all large rice producing countries, but its efficient use requires the development of high tech combustion facilities. Major energy companies, including France's nuclear giant AREVA (more here) and the Thai Board of Investment (here), are building biomass power plants in Thailand with dedicated technologies for rice hulls. The Fraunhofer Institute - Europe's leading applied technology institute - is developing a highly efficient circulating fluidized bed combustion system that unlocks the energy potential contained in the residues (earlier post).
After paddy rice is processed, a large amount of biomass with a relatively high energy content (18 GJ/ton - higher heating value) is left over in the form of rice husks. According to the IEA's Bioenergy Task 33 on thermal biomass gasification, for each ton of processed rice, roughly 280kg of hulls are left over, worth around 120 kWh:
energy :: sustainability :: climate change :: carbon dioxide :: biomass :: bioenergy :: rice :: Thailand ::
Now consider that Thailand as a whole produced some 29.4 million tons of rice in 2004. At a residue-to-product ratio for hulls of 0.20 to 0.35 (meaning that for each ton of rice produced, some 200 to 350 kilogram of husks are left over, with an average of 280kg/ton), and at a lower heating value of between 13 to 19 MJ/kilogram (with an average higher heating value of 18MJ/kg) then it is not difficult to see the energy potential contained in the resource: if all rice hulls were used in gasification or combustion systems with an overall efficiency of 33 per cent, the country's technical energy potential from rice husks alone can be estimated be around 49.5 TJ of energy. (For the residue-to-product ratios and energy potential of biomass residues, see this earlier post).
Rice also yields a large amount of straw, which is being investigated as a feedstock for the production of cellulosic ethanol.
Ajinomoto is preparing to apply to the governments of Japan and Thailand as well as to the United Nations to have this recognized as a clean development mechanism project, giving it credit for emissions reduction.
Ajinomoto has been present in Thailand since 1960, as the first overseas production base of Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Japan. The company has gone through an intense diversification phase, and nowadays operates 18 group companies in the country employing over 5,000 staff in the manufacture of a variety of products.
The Ajinomoto Group is active in 23 countries and regions worldwide, employing around 24,861 people as of 2004. Yearly revenue stands at US$9.84 billion.
References:
Nikkei (via TradingMarkets): Japan's Ajinomoto to use rice hulls to fuel Thai plant - October 30, 2007
Biopact: French nuclear energy giant AREVA to build 6 biomass power plants in Thailand and Brazil - March 13, 2007
Biopact: Unlocking the vast energy potential of rice husks - August 15, 2006
Biopact: Surin, Thailand: first biomass power plant using rice husks starts feeding electricity to grid - January 13, 2007
The food plant in Thailand ferments sugars and starches extracted from sugar cane and cassava to produce seasonings and will generate steam for this fermentation process in dedicated boilers that use rice hulls for fuel. Rice hulls will be purchased from farmers in the surrounding area, where large quantities of the hulls go unused. This will mark the first time Ajinomoto has used biomass fuel at an overseas production site.
As the biomass fuel adds no carbon dioxide emissions the atmosphere because the CO2 released during the combustion process is absorbed by plants as they grow, Ajinomoto's carbon footprint will improve considerably by utilizing this 'carbon neutral' form of energy. The switch to rice hulls will reduce annual CO2 emissions by around 100,000 tons, or nearly 5 per cent of the global group's annual total.
There has been growing interest in the utilization of rice hulls as a biomass fuel. The resource is abundant in all large rice producing countries, but its efficient use requires the development of high tech combustion facilities. Major energy companies, including France's nuclear giant AREVA (more here) and the Thai Board of Investment (here), are building biomass power plants in Thailand with dedicated technologies for rice hulls. The Fraunhofer Institute - Europe's leading applied technology institute - is developing a highly efficient circulating fluidized bed combustion system that unlocks the energy potential contained in the residues (earlier post).
After paddy rice is processed, a large amount of biomass with a relatively high energy content (18 GJ/ton - higher heating value) is left over in the form of rice husks. According to the IEA's Bioenergy Task 33 on thermal biomass gasification, for each ton of processed rice, roughly 280kg of hulls are left over, worth around 120 kWh:
energy :: sustainability :: climate change :: carbon dioxide :: biomass :: bioenergy :: rice :: Thailand ::
Now consider that Thailand as a whole produced some 29.4 million tons of rice in 2004. At a residue-to-product ratio for hulls of 0.20 to 0.35 (meaning that for each ton of rice produced, some 200 to 350 kilogram of husks are left over, with an average of 280kg/ton), and at a lower heating value of between 13 to 19 MJ/kilogram (with an average higher heating value of 18MJ/kg) then it is not difficult to see the energy potential contained in the resource: if all rice hulls were used in gasification or combustion systems with an overall efficiency of 33 per cent, the country's technical energy potential from rice husks alone can be estimated be around 49.5 TJ of energy. (For the residue-to-product ratios and energy potential of biomass residues, see this earlier post).
Rice also yields a large amount of straw, which is being investigated as a feedstock for the production of cellulosic ethanol.
Ajinomoto is preparing to apply to the governments of Japan and Thailand as well as to the United Nations to have this recognized as a clean development mechanism project, giving it credit for emissions reduction.
Ajinomoto has been present in Thailand since 1960, as the first overseas production base of Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Japan. The company has gone through an intense diversification phase, and nowadays operates 18 group companies in the country employing over 5,000 staff in the manufacture of a variety of products.
The Ajinomoto Group is active in 23 countries and regions worldwide, employing around 24,861 people as of 2004. Yearly revenue stands at US$9.84 billion.
References:
Nikkei (via TradingMarkets): Japan's Ajinomoto to use rice hulls to fuel Thai plant - October 30, 2007
Biopact: French nuclear energy giant AREVA to build 6 biomass power plants in Thailand and Brazil - March 13, 2007
Biopact: Unlocking the vast energy potential of rice husks - August 15, 2006
Biopact: Surin, Thailand: first biomass power plant using rice husks starts feeding electricity to grid - January 13, 2007
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