Energreen Development to produce biogas from drought tolerant sorghum
Energreen Development is to produce bioenergy from a drought tolerant hybrid sorghum that yields high amounts of biomass but requires no irrigation. Energreen is a French company uniting the expertise of Sud Agro S.A., a cooperative involved in development assistance in poor countries, and of FADIA (International federation for industrial and agroalimentary development assistance). It will utilize the proceeds of its green energy sales to finance bioenergy projects in developing countries.
The company will produce energy from biomass in different forms and systems: cogeneration, anaerobic digestion and biogas, liquid biofuels and biohydrogen.
Its first large project is the production of biomethane from the medium-maturing H133 biomass sorghum, a very robust hybrid which requires low amounts of inputs. Sorghum is a genus of many tropical grass species often associated with semi-arid regions. There are grain, sweet, fiber and now hybrid sorghums bred specifically for biomass production. These hybrids have been made to thrive in European conditions. The H133 grows to a height of 4 to 4.5 meters (13-15ft). Contrary to maize, miscanthus, switchgrass or other energy crops, the hybrid sorghum requires no irrigation and less fertilizer but trials show it yields between 30 and 40 tons of dry matter biomass per hectare (12 - 16 tons/acre) (graph, click to enlarge).
According to Energreen the H133 sorghum is highly suitable for the production of biogas, yielding around 14,000 to 16,000 cubic meters per hectare. Depending on the CH4 content of the gas, this amount of biogas, when upgraded to natural gas quality comes down to an average of 7600 cubic meters of methane, enough to power a car for 80,000 kilometers. This is much more useable energy than can be obtained from converting biomass into liquid fuels. One hectare of H133 sorghum based biogas provides enough renewable, carbon-neutral fuel to power five average French passenger cars for an entire year:
energy :: sustainability :: biomass :: bioenergy :: biofuels :: sorghum :: biogas :: biomethane :: efficiency :: energy balance ::
In Europe, biogas is being produced increasingly from dedicated energy crops. Most often, silage maize or purpose bred high yielding energy maize is used. But the search is on for crops that thrive in places where maize doesn't do well. Sorghums are candidates, as researchers from the North-Sea Bioenergy Partnership already found out (earlier post). Recently, a German team too launched a project to identify different sorghum varieties for biogas (earlier post).
Energreen found that H133 based biogas production has a very strong energy balance. Given its low inputs, the crop's greenhouse gas balance is excellent as well. This ensures that power companies and natural gas stations can obtain relatively large amounts of carbon credits when buying electricity or biomethane from Energreen. Alternatively, the upgraded fuel can be sold to natural gas filling stations to power fleets.
Energreen is negotiating with Electricité de France (EDF), the large state-run power company, to sell the electricity produced from carbon-neutral biogas within the framework of the country's Agenda 21, focused on supporting renewables.
In Europe, biogas is being developed on a large scale for the production of fuels for stationary power generation (to be used in natural gas plants or in fuel cells), as well as for the transport sector (earlier post and here). It is being fed into the natural gas grid on a large scale (previous post and especially here) or in dedicated pipelines supplying cities, while some are creating real biorefineries around it that deliver green specialty chemicals, fuels and power (earlier post). The green gas can be made by the anaerobic fermentation of biomass, either obtained from dedicated energy crops, or from industrial, municipal or agricultural waste-streams.
Of all biofuels, biogas delivers most useable energy per hectare of crops. It is also the least carbon intensive production path, with some biogas pathways actually delivering carbon-negative bioenergy (earlier post and here). Importantly, biogas can be integrated in carbon capture and storage systems (CCS), in a way that presents advantages over other CCS pathways (earlier post).
Some projections show biogas may replace all of Europe's natural gas imports from Russia by 2020 and yield up to 500 billion cubic meters per year (earlier post).
References:
Campagnes et Environnement: Les atouts du sorgho biomasse - October 19, 2007.
Energreen Development: Sorgho biogas.
Yield data taken from: Andreina Belocchi, Fabrizio Quaranta, Valerio Mazzon, Nicola Berardo, Ersilio Desiderio, "Fibre sorghum: influence of the harvesting methods
on plant moisture and fibre content", Interactive European Network for Industrial Crops and their Applications, s.d.
Biopact: Germans research sorghum varieties for biogas production - April 12, 2007
Biopact: "North Sea Bioenergy partnership plants sorghum and sudangrass for biogas" - October 25, 2006.
Biopact: "France develops 'super maize' for biogas" - October 04, 2006.
The company will produce energy from biomass in different forms and systems: cogeneration, anaerobic digestion and biogas, liquid biofuels and biohydrogen.
Its first large project is the production of biomethane from the medium-maturing H133 biomass sorghum, a very robust hybrid which requires low amounts of inputs. Sorghum is a genus of many tropical grass species often associated with semi-arid regions. There are grain, sweet, fiber and now hybrid sorghums bred specifically for biomass production. These hybrids have been made to thrive in European conditions. The H133 grows to a height of 4 to 4.5 meters (13-15ft). Contrary to maize, miscanthus, switchgrass or other energy crops, the hybrid sorghum requires no irrigation and less fertilizer but trials show it yields between 30 and 40 tons of dry matter biomass per hectare (12 - 16 tons/acre) (graph, click to enlarge).
According to Energreen the H133 sorghum is highly suitable for the production of biogas, yielding around 14,000 to 16,000 cubic meters per hectare. Depending on the CH4 content of the gas, this amount of biogas, when upgraded to natural gas quality comes down to an average of 7600 cubic meters of methane, enough to power a car for 80,000 kilometers. This is much more useable energy than can be obtained from converting biomass into liquid fuels. One hectare of H133 sorghum based biogas provides enough renewable, carbon-neutral fuel to power five average French passenger cars for an entire year:
energy :: sustainability :: biomass :: bioenergy :: biofuels :: sorghum :: biogas :: biomethane :: efficiency :: energy balance ::
In Europe, biogas is being produced increasingly from dedicated energy crops. Most often, silage maize or purpose bred high yielding energy maize is used. But the search is on for crops that thrive in places where maize doesn't do well. Sorghums are candidates, as researchers from the North-Sea Bioenergy Partnership already found out (earlier post). Recently, a German team too launched a project to identify different sorghum varieties for biogas (earlier post).
Energreen found that H133 based biogas production has a very strong energy balance. Given its low inputs, the crop's greenhouse gas balance is excellent as well. This ensures that power companies and natural gas stations can obtain relatively large amounts of carbon credits when buying electricity or biomethane from Energreen. Alternatively, the upgraded fuel can be sold to natural gas filling stations to power fleets.
Energreen is negotiating with Electricité de France (EDF), the large state-run power company, to sell the electricity produced from carbon-neutral biogas within the framework of the country's Agenda 21, focused on supporting renewables.
In Europe, biogas is being developed on a large scale for the production of fuels for stationary power generation (to be used in natural gas plants or in fuel cells), as well as for the transport sector (earlier post and here). It is being fed into the natural gas grid on a large scale (previous post and especially here) or in dedicated pipelines supplying cities, while some are creating real biorefineries around it that deliver green specialty chemicals, fuels and power (earlier post). The green gas can be made by the anaerobic fermentation of biomass, either obtained from dedicated energy crops, or from industrial, municipal or agricultural waste-streams.
Of all biofuels, biogas delivers most useable energy per hectare of crops. It is also the least carbon intensive production path, with some biogas pathways actually delivering carbon-negative bioenergy (earlier post and here). Importantly, biogas can be integrated in carbon capture and storage systems (CCS), in a way that presents advantages over other CCS pathways (earlier post).
Some projections show biogas may replace all of Europe's natural gas imports from Russia by 2020 and yield up to 500 billion cubic meters per year (earlier post).
References:
Campagnes et Environnement: Les atouts du sorgho biomasse - October 19, 2007.
Energreen Development: Sorgho biogas.
Yield data taken from: Andreina Belocchi, Fabrizio Quaranta, Valerio Mazzon, Nicola Berardo, Ersilio Desiderio, "Fibre sorghum: influence of the harvesting methods
on plant moisture and fibre content", Interactive European Network for Industrial Crops and their Applications, s.d.
Biopact: Germans research sorghum varieties for biogas production - April 12, 2007
Biopact: "North Sea Bioenergy partnership plants sorghum and sudangrass for biogas" - October 25, 2006.
Biopact: "France develops 'super maize' for biogas" - October 04, 2006.
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