In case of total oil embargo, US military could remain operational thanks to synthetic (bio)fuels
For the military, fuel supplies are crucial to ensure its mobility and capacity to engage in conflicts in the global arena. If during a campaign fuel supplies are disrupted, the consequences are immediate and can impact the outcome of a campaign.
In order to understand what would happen in the worst case scenario - a total oil embargo against the US - the American Department of Defense funded a study by South African company Sasol Technology to research the potential of alternative liquid fuels. It found that in such circumstances, synthetic fuels made from biomass, coal and natural gas could keep the organisation's diesel-fuelled tanks, fighter jets and destroyers fully operational.
In a piece entitled "US military considers biofuelled fighters" New Scientist reporter Phil McKenna writes that such a feat wouldn’t be unprecedented. A method for producing synthetic fuel, known as the Fischer-Tropsch process, was first developed in petrol-starved but coal-rich Germany in the 1920s. By the height of the second world war in 1944, Germany was producing as many as 124,000 barrels of coal-derived vehicle fuel each day. More than 92% of Germany's aviation gasoline and half of its total petroleum during the war came from synthetic fuel plants.
To get liquid fuel from biomass such as wood ('biomass-to-liquids' /BTL), coal ('coal-to-liquids'/CTL) or natural gas or biogas ('gas-to-liquids' / GTL) the initial solid or gas is oxidised to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen. This mixture, known as synthesis gas or syngas, can then be refined to produce a variety of synthetic fuels (also known as FT-fuel) (flowchart, click to enlarge).
The study [open access] by Delanie Lamprecht appears in Energy and Fuels. It lists the challenges ahead:
bioenergy :: biofuels :: energy :: sustainability :: Fischer-Tropsch :: biomass-to-liquids :: synthetic biofuels :: military :: US :: Peak Oil ::
The study concludes that it would be feasible to use the Fischer-Tropsch process with current refining technology to produce a "Battlefield-Use Fuel of the Future" (BUFF) capable of powering the American military without any imported oil.
The implications of this study are interesting, because they indicate that under extreme circumstances, such as a rapid decline in global oil production ('Peak Oil'), crucial elements of societies could survive by relying on synthetic fuels based on locally available biomass resources, coal and natural gas, without facing total collapse.
More information:
Lamprecht, Delanie, "Fischer-Tropsch Fuel for Use by the U.S. Military as Battlefield-Use Fuel of the Future" [*.html, or *.pdf] Energy and Fuels, April 5, 2007, ASAP Article , DOI: 10.1021/ef060607m
In order to understand what would happen in the worst case scenario - a total oil embargo against the US - the American Department of Defense funded a study by South African company Sasol Technology to research the potential of alternative liquid fuels. It found that in such circumstances, synthetic fuels made from biomass, coal and natural gas could keep the organisation's diesel-fuelled tanks, fighter jets and destroyers fully operational.
In a piece entitled "US military considers biofuelled fighters" New Scientist reporter Phil McKenna writes that such a feat wouldn’t be unprecedented. A method for producing synthetic fuel, known as the Fischer-Tropsch process, was first developed in petrol-starved but coal-rich Germany in the 1920s. By the height of the second world war in 1944, Germany was producing as many as 124,000 barrels of coal-derived vehicle fuel each day. More than 92% of Germany's aviation gasoline and half of its total petroleum during the war came from synthetic fuel plants.
To get liquid fuel from biomass such as wood ('biomass-to-liquids' /BTL), coal ('coal-to-liquids'/CTL) or natural gas or biogas ('gas-to-liquids' / GTL) the initial solid or gas is oxidised to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen. This mixture, known as synthesis gas or syngas, can then be refined to produce a variety of synthetic fuels (also known as FT-fuel) (flowchart, click to enlarge).
The study [open access] by Delanie Lamprecht appears in Energy and Fuels. It lists the challenges ahead:
Technical, economic, and strategic challenges related to the introduction of FT fuels into the military fleet include the interchangeability of FT fuels with crude-oil-derived kerosene-type fuels, elastomer compatibility of fuel systems already conditioned in crude-oil-derived kerosene-type fuels with subsequent exposure to FT fuels containing no aromatics, demand and supply of FT fuels at a price comparable to crude-oil-derived kerosene-type fuels, and the modification of existing fuel specifications to allow for the general approval of FT kerosene-type fuel.Lamprecht works for Sasol Technology, which used the process to help South Africa meet its energy needs during its isolation under Apartheid:
bioenergy :: biofuels :: energy :: sustainability :: Fischer-Tropsch :: biomass-to-liquids :: synthetic biofuels :: military :: US :: Peak Oil ::
The study concludes that it would be feasible to use the Fischer-Tropsch process with current refining technology to produce a "Battlefield-Use Fuel of the Future" (BUFF) capable of powering the American military without any imported oil.
The implications of this study are interesting, because they indicate that under extreme circumstances, such as a rapid decline in global oil production ('Peak Oil'), crucial elements of societies could survive by relying on synthetic fuels based on locally available biomass resources, coal and natural gas, without facing total collapse.
More information:
Lamprecht, Delanie, "Fischer-Tropsch Fuel for Use by the U.S. Military as Battlefield-Use Fuel of the Future" [*.html, or *.pdf] Energy and Fuels, April 5, 2007, ASAP Article , DOI: 10.1021/ef060607m
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