U.S. announces $23 million in cellulose ethanol research
The U.S. Energy Department announced US$23 million in federal funds for five projects to convert biomass to ethanol. The funds follow the US$385 million awareded earlier to six biorefinery projects, three of which use biomass gasification as the main conversion technique (earlier post). The current funds are aimed at stimulating research into biochemical conversion of biomass.
These funds are important because they help spur innovations that can be transferred to the developing world. It is there that biomass production and conversion into liquid fuels makes most sense.
Recently, research into the biomass productivity of switchgrass grown in the U.S., seen as the most promising energy crop, showed disappointing results. The crop yielded below three times what is needed for commercial production (earlier post). Moreover, the logistics of harvesting, transporting and storing cellulosic waste streams, like corn cobs, remains a serious challenge.
In the Global South, energy crops, like sugarcane, sweet potatoes, cassava or sweet sorghum, are far more productive and more easily manageable. Today, these crops are used as 'first generation' crops only, with their easily extractible sugars and starches used as feedstocks, but a vast waste-stream of ligno-cellulosic biomass being left aside. If this waste-stream were to be converted into liquid fuel, the already impressive energy balance of Southern biofuels (for sugarcane it currently stands at between 1 to 8 - 1 to 10) will increase even further.
For this reason, it is important that research organisations - no matter their national affiliation - develop new thermochemical, physicochemical or biochemical conversion techniques. Technology transfers to the South of these techniques are in the interest of all of us, because they imply the production of efficient biofuels that effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Speaking about the U.S. research funds, Alexander Karsner, assistant secretary for energy efficiency and renewable energy, said:
bioenergy :: biofuels :: energy :: sustainability :: ligno-cellulose :: cellulose :: biomass :: ethanol :: energy balance :: U.S. ::
"These projects will play a critical role in furthering our knowledge of how we can produce cellulosic ethanol cost-effectively. Ultimately, success in producing cost-competitive cellulosic ethanol could be a key to breaking our nation's addiction to oil. By relying on American farmers and ingenuity for fuel, we will enhance our nation's energy and economic security."
Commercialization of fermentative organisms is crucial to the success of integrated biorefineries. Fermentative organisms speed refining by converting lignocellulosic biomass material to ethanol. Today’s selections build upon the announcement of six biorefinery projects announced earlier this year. Commercialized fermentative organisms will be crucial to achieving commercial scale in cellulosic ethanol refining.
Projects were selected for the organism’s capacity to convert lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol in process-relevant conditions that would be economical in the commercial market. Additionally, the organism must be able to survive a wide range of environmental conditions and remain stable from adverse mutation. Selectees must have the ability to produce at commercial scale in the future and have a sound business strategy to market the organism.
Combined with the industry cost share, more than $37 million could be invested in these five projects. Negotiations between the selected companies and DOE will begin immediately to determine final project plans and funding levels. Funding will begin this fiscal year and run through FY 2010, subject to congressional appropriations.
Projects submitted by these five applicants were selected:
Cellulosic ethanol is an alternative fuel made from a wide variety of non-food plant materials (or feedstocks), including agricultural wastes such as corn stover and cereal straws, industrial plant waste like saw dust and paper pulp, and energy crops grown specifically for fuel production like switchgrass.
By using a variety of regional feedstocks for refining cellulosic ethanol, fuel can be produced in nearly every region of the country. Though it requires a more complex refining process, cellulosic ethanol contains more net energy and results in lower greenhouse emissions than traditional corn-based ethanol. E-85, an ethanol-fuel blend comprised of 85-percent ethanol, is already available in more than 1,000 fueling stations nationwide and can power millions of flexible fuel vehicles already on the roads.
Image: the bacterium C. thermocellum, whose enzymes are being investigated as candidates for cellulosic ethanol.
These funds are important because they help spur innovations that can be transferred to the developing world. It is there that biomass production and conversion into liquid fuels makes most sense.
Recently, research into the biomass productivity of switchgrass grown in the U.S., seen as the most promising energy crop, showed disappointing results. The crop yielded below three times what is needed for commercial production (earlier post). Moreover, the logistics of harvesting, transporting and storing cellulosic waste streams, like corn cobs, remains a serious challenge.
In the Global South, energy crops, like sugarcane, sweet potatoes, cassava or sweet sorghum, are far more productive and more easily manageable. Today, these crops are used as 'first generation' crops only, with their easily extractible sugars and starches used as feedstocks, but a vast waste-stream of ligno-cellulosic biomass being left aside. If this waste-stream were to be converted into liquid fuel, the already impressive energy balance of Southern biofuels (for sugarcane it currently stands at between 1 to 8 - 1 to 10) will increase even further.
For this reason, it is important that research organisations - no matter their national affiliation - develop new thermochemical, physicochemical or biochemical conversion techniques. Technology transfers to the South of these techniques are in the interest of all of us, because they imply the production of efficient biofuels that effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Speaking about the U.S. research funds, Alexander Karsner, assistant secretary for energy efficiency and renewable energy, said:
bioenergy :: biofuels :: energy :: sustainability :: ligno-cellulose :: cellulose :: biomass :: ethanol :: energy balance :: U.S. ::
"These projects will play a critical role in furthering our knowledge of how we can produce cellulosic ethanol cost-effectively. Ultimately, success in producing cost-competitive cellulosic ethanol could be a key to breaking our nation's addiction to oil. By relying on American farmers and ingenuity for fuel, we will enhance our nation's energy and economic security."
Commercialization of fermentative organisms is crucial to the success of integrated biorefineries. Fermentative organisms speed refining by converting lignocellulosic biomass material to ethanol. Today’s selections build upon the announcement of six biorefinery projects announced earlier this year. Commercialized fermentative organisms will be crucial to achieving commercial scale in cellulosic ethanol refining.
Projects were selected for the organism’s capacity to convert lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol in process-relevant conditions that would be economical in the commercial market. Additionally, the organism must be able to survive a wide range of environmental conditions and remain stable from adverse mutation. Selectees must have the ability to produce at commercial scale in the future and have a sound business strategy to market the organism.
Combined with the industry cost share, more than $37 million could be invested in these five projects. Negotiations between the selected companies and DOE will begin immediately to determine final project plans and funding levels. Funding will begin this fiscal year and run through FY 2010, subject to congressional appropriations.
Projects submitted by these five applicants were selected:
- Cargill Incorporated to receive up to $4.4 million
- Celunol Corporation to receive up to $5.3 million
- E.I. Dupont de Nemours & Company to receive up to $3.7 million
- Mascoma Corporation to receive up to $4.9 million
- Purdue University to receive up to $5.0 million
Cellulosic ethanol is an alternative fuel made from a wide variety of non-food plant materials (or feedstocks), including agricultural wastes such as corn stover and cereal straws, industrial plant waste like saw dust and paper pulp, and energy crops grown specifically for fuel production like switchgrass.
By using a variety of regional feedstocks for refining cellulosic ethanol, fuel can be produced in nearly every region of the country. Though it requires a more complex refining process, cellulosic ethanol contains more net energy and results in lower greenhouse emissions than traditional corn-based ethanol. E-85, an ethanol-fuel blend comprised of 85-percent ethanol, is already available in more than 1,000 fueling stations nationwide and can power millions of flexible fuel vehicles already on the roads.
Image: the bacterium C. thermocellum, whose enzymes are being investigated as candidates for cellulosic ethanol.
3 Comments:
I wrote a long article yesterday on the benefits of decentralizing, or "regionalizing" alternative energy as it relates to ethanol production.
I strongly believe that different parts of the US should take advantage of their local feedstock capabilities and proceed with the most effective method of production. Not only does this support the local economy, but it reduces the strain on major ethanol crops like corn.
I frequently write about the business side of alternative energy on: Energy Spin: Alternative Energy Blog for Investors-Served Daily
Cheers,
Francesco DeParis
Thanks Francesco, you're right that ideally speaking decentralised and local production is the way to go. But we're trying to make a case for interdependence and global trade, as long as it offers chances for the Global South to tap into a new development opportunity.
To this aim, we stretch things sometimes, to make the point.
However, don't you think that when starting out from relatively low yielding biomass sources, it will be difficult to create a viable ethanol industry? We recently wrote a small piece on disappointing switchgrass yields in Iowa. So, even if decentralisation and localisation are the ideals, the commercially viability will determine to a large extent whether this ideal can be reached.
Thanks for pointing to Energy Spin, we've checked it out and it offers interesting analysis.
Kind regards,
Jonas Van Den Berg
Biopact team - You must be aware that any switchgrass utilized in the U.S. will, almost certainly, be accomplished in the South Eastern States where the yield should be 3 to 4 times the yield in the Northern MidWest States.
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