Max Planck and Fraunhofer Institute launch project to research biomass gasification, fuel cells
Divisions of two of Germany's largest research organisations, the Max-Planck Institute and the Fraunhofer Institute, have launched 'ProBio' [*German], a €4.2 (US$5.6) million program to research the efficient production of gases from biomass, for use in different types of fuel cells.
Fuel cells are most often associated with hydrogen gas. But the production of the clean gas is problematic: hydrogen is merely an energy carrier and its production requires the use of a primary energy source. If this primary energy source is a fossil fuel, then the gas of course loses its green appeal. Utilizing nuclear power for hydrogen production is expensive, as are reliance on renewables like solar or wind.
With the ProBio project, the scientists from Magdeburg and Dresden confirm that biomass is one of the most promising primary energy sources for the production of renewable hydrogen-rich gases that can be used in efficient fuel cells.
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Kai Sundmacher, director of the Max-Planck-Institut, outlines the goals of the project: to design process and production steps that result in efficient biomass gasification to tap the hydrogen that is contained in the resource, and to analyse the optimal use of the different products from gasified biomass for the production of bio-electricity. The hydrogen-carbon rich gas mixture obtained from such gasification processes must be upgraded and purified first before it can be utilized in fuel cells. Optimisation of this process is a new terrain that is only beginning to be researched. Gasification of a great variety of biomass types results in different gas mixtures, the properties of which will be analysed. Three institutes are joining forces to achieve these goals:
bioenergy :: biofuels :: energy :: sustainability :: biomass :: gasification :: hydrogen :: fuel cells :: Germany ::
If the first phase is evaluated positively, a second, three-year phase will start, in which the theoretical and experimental results are applied to the construction of an industrial scale plant. This plant will be located in Magdeburg, where the three institutes will further cooperate.
Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Michael Schenk, Director of the Fraunhofer-Institute für Fabrikbetrieb und -automatisierung: "the German process industry urgently needs this kind of integrated energy plants, because the renewable energy sector is evolving very rapidly."
His collegue, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Alexander Michaelis, from the Fraunhofer-Institut für Keramische Technologien und Systeme, stresses the fact that "our research capacities will be applied to concrete, practical solutions for new energy production processes."
The ProBio project is part of an effort of the two prestigious research organisations to join forces and to cooperate more intensively. By collaborating on this kind of projects, the fundamental research will be translated faster into innovations with practical use.
The ProBio project is one of Germany's first country-wide collaborations between the two organisations.
Image 1: Different types of biomass and the gas composition that results from their gasification will be analysed. Foto: V.Kühne/Fraunhofer IFF. Courtesty: Fraunhofer-Institute für Fabrikbetrieb und -automatisierung
Image 2: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Kai Sundmacher, ProBio spokesperson and Director of the Magdeburg division of the Max-Planck-Institut shows a stack of PEM fuel cells that are currently used with hydrogen produced from fossil fuels. Foto: P. Förster. Courtesy: Max Planck Institute.
Fuel cells are most often associated with hydrogen gas. But the production of the clean gas is problematic: hydrogen is merely an energy carrier and its production requires the use of a primary energy source. If this primary energy source is a fossil fuel, then the gas of course loses its green appeal. Utilizing nuclear power for hydrogen production is expensive, as are reliance on renewables like solar or wind.
With the ProBio project, the scientists from Magdeburg and Dresden confirm that biomass is one of the most promising primary energy sources for the production of renewable hydrogen-rich gases that can be used in efficient fuel cells.
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Kai Sundmacher, director of the Max-Planck-Institut, outlines the goals of the project: to design process and production steps that result in efficient biomass gasification to tap the hydrogen that is contained in the resource, and to analyse the optimal use of the different products from gasified biomass for the production of bio-electricity. The hydrogen-carbon rich gas mixture obtained from such gasification processes must be upgraded and purified first before it can be utilized in fuel cells. Optimisation of this process is a new terrain that is only beginning to be researched. Gasification of a great variety of biomass types results in different gas mixtures, the properties of which will be analysed. Three institutes are joining forces to achieve these goals:
- The 'Fraunhofer-Institut für Fabrikbetrieb und -automatisierung' will focus on developing new technologies to achieve efficient purification.
- The 'Fraunhofer-Institut für Keramische Technologien und Systeme' for its part will design high-temperature fuel cells for stationary applications.
- The 'Max-Planck-Institut für Dynamik' will research low-temperature fuel cells that can be used in mobile applications.
bioenergy :: biofuels :: energy :: sustainability :: biomass :: gasification :: hydrogen :: fuel cells :: Germany ::
If the first phase is evaluated positively, a second, three-year phase will start, in which the theoretical and experimental results are applied to the construction of an industrial scale plant. This plant will be located in Magdeburg, where the three institutes will further cooperate.
Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Michael Schenk, Director of the Fraunhofer-Institute für Fabrikbetrieb und -automatisierung: "the German process industry urgently needs this kind of integrated energy plants, because the renewable energy sector is evolving very rapidly."
His collegue, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Alexander Michaelis, from the Fraunhofer-Institut für Keramische Technologien und Systeme, stresses the fact that "our research capacities will be applied to concrete, practical solutions for new energy production processes."
The ProBio project is part of an effort of the two prestigious research organisations to join forces and to cooperate more intensively. By collaborating on this kind of projects, the fundamental research will be translated faster into innovations with practical use.
The ProBio project is one of Germany's first country-wide collaborations between the two organisations.
Image 1: Different types of biomass and the gas composition that results from their gasification will be analysed. Foto: V.Kühne/Fraunhofer IFF. Courtesty: Fraunhofer-Institute für Fabrikbetrieb und -automatisierung
Image 2: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Kai Sundmacher, ProBio spokesperson and Director of the Magdeburg division of the Max-Planck-Institut shows a stack of PEM fuel cells that are currently used with hydrogen produced from fossil fuels. Foto: P. Förster. Courtesy: Max Planck Institute.
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